2026-08-10T21:35:21Z https://njls.fi/journal/oai

oai:oai.njls:article/2 2023-10-03T20:35:02Z journal:ART driver

Fighting Fire with Fire: Fostering of A European Champion Porkka, Markus Merger European Champion Public Policy State Aid Foreign Subsidy Countries have a financial interest in subsidizing companies originating from their respective territories to foster growth, enabling them to succeed against foreign competition, and attract further investment. However, this behaviour incentivises other nations to engage in a race of subsidies, distorting the competitive playing field, and leaving everyone worse off. For this reason, the EU has established internal market rules which prohibit the Member States from creating European champions, even when facing the subsidized foreign competition originating from outside the internal market. Following the Commission’s prohibition of the merger between Siemens and Alstom, the Franco-German manifesto was published. It protested the current approach and called for a number of reformations to enable the fostering of so-called ‘European champion’, subsidized European companies, which could compete equally against global competition. In its latest competition policy review, the Commission emphasizes the importance of fair competition, enabling European firms to reach a sufficient scale in the face of global competition. This paper studies whether the Franco-German manifesto’s proposals are feasible in the light of the Union’s new competition aims and goals. It is found that fostering of a European champion is not strictly prohibited, making proposals regarding the timeframe and market definition unnecessary. However, the Commission’s restrictive view of the current rules de facto prevents its emergence. In light of the Union’s latest competition policy review, it is proposed that this strict interpretation may not be consistent with the current competition policy aims and objectives. University of Lapland 2022-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/2 10.51421/njls-2022-0002 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022); 6-25 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nro 1 (2022); 6-25 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nr 1 (2022); 6-25 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2022-v1-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/2/14 Copyright (c) 2022 Markus Porkka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/3 2023-10-03T20:35:02Z journal:ART driver

Onko Euroopan unionilla toimivalta säätää riittävistä vähimmäispalkoista? Does the European Union have the competence to regulate adequate minimum wages? Törrönen, Elias Competence European Union TFEU 153 Minimum Wage The European Commission presented a proposal for a directive on adequate minimum wages in October 2020. According to the explanatory memorandum of the proposal, the directive aims to, for example to prevent in-work poverty, reduce pay differentials, and promote social cohesion. The proposal is based on Article 153(1)b of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU). Legal basis of the proposed directive has raised criticism regarding the competence of the European Union. According to Article 153(1)b TFEU the Union shall support and complement the activities of the Member States, among other fields, in working conditions. The criticism is aimed specifically at paragraph 5 of the Article 153 TFEU. According to Article 153(5) TFEU, the provisions of this Article shall not apply to wages. This paper clears the boundaries of the European Union’s competence in the light of Article 153 regarding wages. This paper answers the question, does the Union have the competence to legislate adequate minimum wages according to the proposal? The answer to this question is found by methods of interpretation and systematization.  The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Court of Justice of the European Union are used to interpret the scope of the Article 153(5) TFEU boundaries. In the judgments, the restriction laid out by paragraph 5 is not viewed to exclude the Union's competence categorically to legislate pay. The legal actions by which the minimum wage was to be regulated are a key factor concerning the Union's competence. The proposal does not aim to set a uniform minimum wage across the EU. Instead, it aims to create guidelines for the Member States to legislate minimum wages in a way that the wage is adequate to secure a fair standard of living in a particular Member State. The paper is concluded by stating that the legislative actions of the proposal are within the competence of the Union if the minimum wages were to be regulated as proposed. University of Lapland 2022-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/3 10.51421/njls-2022-0003 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022); 26-47 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nro 1 (2022); 26-47 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nr 1 (2022); 26-47 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2022-v1-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/3/17 Copyright (c) 2022 Elias Törrönen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/4 2023-10-03T20:35:02Z journal:ART driver

Virkalääkärin rikosoikeudellinen tuottamus hoitotyössä: Criminal negligence of an official doctor conducting care work Ruohonen, Otto Doctor Criminal Negligence Negligent Offences Against Life and Health Negligent Violation of Official Duty Official Doctor The article discusses the criminal negligence of an official doctor when performing care work. It is based on a Bachelor’s thesis on the subject, which examines how the criminal negligence of an official doctor is assessed. The research method used is legal dogmatics, which is used to interpret and systemize criminal law provisions. In addition, the method seeks to reformulate legal problems, to show new types of systemic connections and to structure aspects relevant to the solutions of the problem. After the introduction, the article looks at negligence in care work generally. It includes criminal negligence in general, the concept of unactual negligence (neglect of rescue) in brief, as well as the concepts of objective and subjective negligence. It then examines the criminal offences applicable to care work, such as negligent violation of official duty and the provisions relating to criminal offences against life and health, as well as negligence in the application of those criminal offences. The last chapter contains conclusions and a summary. It is worth noting that the criminal liability of an official doctor while conducting care work is considerably broader than that of a private doctor. This is a consequence of the fact that when an official doctor acts negligently, they are also in breach of their official duties. Violations of official duty do not require personal injury, unlike negligent offences against life and health. However, there is little exercise of public authority in care work, thus the stricter responsibility of an official doctor is poorly justified by the legislator. University of Lapland 2022-10-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/4 10.51421/njls-2022-0004 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022); 48-74 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nro 1 (2022); 48-74 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nr 1 (2022); 48-74 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2022-v1-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/4/20 Copyright (c) 2022 Otto Ruohonen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/12 2023-10-03T20:35:02Z journal:OTH driver

Editorial Note Sinisalo, Touko Johannes Editorial Note to the Issue 1, Volume 1 (2022) of the Nordic Journal of Legal Studies University of Lapland 2022-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn1 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nro 1 (2022); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nr 1 (2022); 5-6 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2022-v1-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn1/15 Copyright (c) 2022 T. J. Sinisalo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/13 2023-10-03T20:35:02Z journal:OTH driver

Note from the Advisory Board Huttunen, Mikko Tapani Advisory Board Note to the Issue 1, Volume 1 (2022) of the Nordic Journal of Legal Studies. University of Lapland 2022-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/abn1 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022); 7-8 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nro 1 (2022); 7-8 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 1 Nr 1 (2022); 7-8 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2022-v1-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/abn1/16 Copyright (c) 2022 Mikko T. Huttunen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/21 2024-09-15T17:46:55Z journal:ART driver

Miten SEUT 102 artiklaa määräävän markkina-aseman väärinkäytöstä tulkitaan digitaalisessa alustataloudessa? How Shall TFEU Article 102 on Abuse of Dominant Position be Interpreted in the Digital Platform Economy? Tiitta, Ilmari TFEU 102 Dominant Position Digital Platform Economy In 2021, The European General Court issued its judgment in Case T-612/17 Google and Alphabet v Commission (Google Shopping). The case concerned whether Google had abused its dominant market position by favouring its own comparison shopping service on its general results pages while demoting the results from competing comparison shopping services. The General Court stated that Google’s conduct was not competition on the merits and thus it had breached Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This article discusses firstly this judgment and its consequences for the interpretation of Article 102 TFEU in digital platform economy markets. Secondly, this article takes on the issue of abuse of dominant position in digital markets and tries to find out what kind of conduct of digital platform companies should be prohibited by Article 102 TFEU. The purpose is to identify what kind of conduct should be seen as an abuse of dominance and how to legally assess such conduct. The ECJ judgment states that self-preferencing can constitute a breach of Article 102 TFEU and that this can be seen as a form of discrimination. Besides self-preferencing or discrimination there is also other conduct that can be abusive. These include personalised pricing, forced free riding and different forms of information based abusive conducts. It is not clear how this conduct relate to Article 102 TFEU, but it is clear that should this conduct be seen abusive, it will be difficult to determine the basis for this since well-established theories of harm are incompatible. In addition, when assessing the abusive nature of such conduct, an effects-based case-by-case approach is needed. University of Lapland 2023-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/21 10.51421/njls-2023-0021 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 21-47 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nro 1 (2023); 21-47 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nr 1 (2023); 21-47 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2023-v2-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/21/27 Copyright (c) 2023 Ilmari Tiitta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/24 2024-09-15T17:46:55Z journal:ART driver

Saamelaiskulttuurin heikentämiskielto ja kaivoslaki: Prohibition of Retrogression of Sámi Culture and the Finnish Mining Act Roine, Lalli Rudolf Culture of the Sámi People Indigenous People Prohibition of Retrogression Mining-, Ore Finding- and Gold Panning License Tukes Finnish Mining Act ICCPR This Article discusses the prohibition of retrogression of the culture of the Sámi people enforced by the Finnish Constitution and international conventions and whether it has been included in the current Finnish Mining Act in a sufficient manner. The article also discusses how the prohibition has been ensured in two main decisions of the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court considering the subject. The article is based on the author’s Bachelor’s thesis on the subject which examines the culture of the Sámi people and the mining law. The research method used in the article is mainly legal dogmatics which is used to systemize the mining law and interpret its provisions considering the prohibition of harming the culture of the Sámi people using different legal interpretation methods. In addition to that, some decisions of the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court, statements of the Constitution committee and the statements of the Sámi assembly are analyzed in the article. After the introduction, the article presents a brief overview of Sámi culture and examines then the prohibition of retrogression of the culture in the context of the Finnish Constitution, international law and the Mining Act. Then the article examines two of the most important Finnish Supreme Administrative Court cases considering the subject and after that, it is examined how the prohibition materializes in practice in the point of view of the Sámi assembly. The last chapter contains the summary and the conclusions. The most noteworthy conclusion seems to be that although it might at first seem that the prohibition of retrogression has been included in the Mining Act the proper way, the reality in practice is much different. The rights of the Sámi people as indigenous people are not ensured well enough because of the obscurity and vagueness of the provisions of the Act. University of Lapland 2023-10-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/24 10.51421/njls-2023-0024 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 48-77 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nro 1 (2023); 48-77 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nr 1 (2023); 48-77 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2023-v2-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/24/26 Copyright (c) 2023 Lalli Rudolf Roine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/25 2024-09-15T17:46:55Z journal:ART driver

Markkinoinnissa käytettävien ympäristöväittämien riittävä täsmällisyys: The Sufficient Accuracy of Green Claims Used in Marketing Kokkonen, Katariina Green Claims Consumer Protection Marketing Law Consumer Ombudsman Consumer Protection Cooperation Network Green Transition The article discusses green claims used in marketing, and how such claims can be made with sufficient accuracy as required by EU law. The article is based on the author’s Bachelor’s thesis, which examines the factors that affect the assessment of the matter. The article is limited to discussing about marketing communications and other communications given to the consumer in support of the environmental claim and accompanied by space restrictions imposed by the media used. The research methods used in this article are legal dogmatics and comparative law, the former focusing on the interpretation of EU law in the Finnish legal system and the latter focusing on the Swedish Patent and Market Court. Legal dogmatics is used to assess how the question of accuracy is more specifically formed according to current law. Meanwhile, comparative law is used to find support for the legal guidelines that can be interpreted from the Finnish Consumer Ombudsman’s rulings. After the introduction, the article defines the terms green claim and average consumer as the basis for the assessment of green claims. It defines when green claims can be considered to be prohibited greenwashing. Greenwashing is not a concept defined in legislation or other sources of law, but a generic word used in research to signify possibly illegal conduct. Next, the article looks into the key marketing regulations concerning the subject. Lastly, the article concentrates on the authority guidelines and rulings by the Finnish and Swedish Consumer Ombudsman. The article concludes that if the green claim is found to be ambiguous, additional information about its veracity should be located in a “close proximity” to the claim. On the basis of the recent rulings, it is unclear what “close proximity” means. When assessing the distance, the means of communication and the nature of marketing should be considered. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration whether the marketing is about a specific consumer good, or rather about general image marketing. However, in a digital setting, it is clear that the information cannot be located several “clicks” away from the claim. University of Lapland 2023-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/25 10.51421/njls-2023-0025 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 78-101 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nro 1 (2023); 78-101 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nr 1 (2023); 78-101 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2023-v2-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/25/25 Copyright (c) 2023 Katariina Kokkonen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/26 2024-09-15T17:46:55Z journal:ART driver

The Anti-Money Laundering Challenges of FinTech and Cryptocurrencies Manninen, Heidimaria FinTech AML Anti-Money Laundering Cryptocurrencies In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the foundation was developed for the protocol we know as blockchain. Blockchain is a system through which money can be sent from one person to another without using any financial service providers. It has been argued that the security of blockchain technology could be the answer to people’s mistrust and lost confidence in the financial market. However, blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies go much further than a mere transfer of money. New forms of value exchange have been created, in addition to providing access to financial services in locations where only limited services are offered by traditional banks. As the use of such innovation gains popularity, the legislator is slowly catching up, but how much is covered? This paper studies FinTech and cryptocurrencies in respect of money laundering. It is found that the current regulatory landscape has several weaknesses that can be attractive for those wishing to exploit them. University of Lapland 2023-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/26 10.51421/njls-2023-0026 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 7-19 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nro 1 (2023); 7-19 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nr 1 (2023); 7-19 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2023-v2-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/26/24 Copyright (c) 2023 Heidimaria Manninen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/27 2024-09-15T17:46:55Z journal:OTH driver

Editorial Note Tiger, Joonas Editorial Note to Volume 2, Issue 1 (2023) of the Nordic Journal of Legal Studies University of Lapland 2023-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn2 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nro 1 (2023); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 2 Nr 1 (2023); 5-6 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2023-v2-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn2/23 Copyright (c) 2023 Joonas Tiger https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

oai:oai.njls:article/31 2024-09-28T08:35:16Z journal:ART driver

Perspectives to Mobile Cramming: Methods, Liability, and Potential Anti-Cramming Measures Suomalainen, Antti Direct Carrier Billing Mobile Cramming Mobile Payment During the last few decades, the illegal practice of inserting unauthorized charges in mobile bills, “mobile cramming”, has emerged worldwide in the field of direct carrier billing. In the United States, civil and criminal aspects regarding mobile cramming have been addressed and prominently displayed in governmental investigations and notable legal cases. In Finland, the discussion on mobile cramming has focused solely on questions about the contractual liability of the parties involved. This article aims to bring clarity to the phenomenon by describing the potential cramming and anti-cramming methods, the chain of liability and the parties involved. The article also describes what courses of action have been taken by governmental officials when pursuing mobile cramming cases in Finland and the U.S. Due to the lack of case law in Finland, the issue is addressed from the perspective of the Competition and Consumer Authority. In conclusion, it is summarized that regardless of the preventive regulatory measures, the practice of mobile cramming still exists, and the crammers are finding new avenues for their operations through regulatory loopholes. Contractual liability for unauthorized charges has been acknowledged to be divided among the parties involved, but this alone is not sufficient to prevent mobile cramming in Finland. More attention needs to be paid to effective preventive measures. University of Lapland 2024-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/31 10.51421/njls-2024-0031 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024); 8-30 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nro 1 (2024); 8-30 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nr 1 (2024); 8-30 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2024-v3-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/31/42 Copyright (c) 2024 Antti Suomalainen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/32 2024-09-28T08:35:16Z journal:ART driver

Demokraattisen oikeusvaltion ja Metan itsesääntelyn yhteensopivuudesta: Oversight Board sananvapauden valvojana: On the Compatibility of the Democratic Rule of Law and the Self-Regulation of Meta: The Oversight Board as a Guardian of Freedom of Expression Koivulehto, Matias Rule of Law Democracy Human Rights Freedom of Expression Content Moderation Social Media Self-Regulation Legal Informatics The article examines the role of Meta in relation to the principles of the democratic Rechtsstaat. The perspective focuses on the importance of the human right to freedom of expression in a global network society, where Internet intermediaries, through their self-regulation and content moderation, have a crucial impact on the realisation of freedom of expression and, by extension, on democratic processes. Because of their influence, their self-regulatory systems can be seen as independent systems of norms, governed by fundamentally different principles from those of European nation-states committed to democracy, human rights and the rule of law – especially in the context of the European Union. This is of particular importance for public debate and the free expression of opinions, which are fundamental values in democratic societies. Social media both enables and, in some cases, limits the exercise of fundamental and human rights. They also share, or to some extent have even taken over, the institutional role of traditional media in society. The article takes a legal-theoretical approach to the subject matter, as it addresses the role of public debate in the digital environment as part of the legitimacy of the legal order itself. In this respect, the article analyses the relationship between Facebook and the public sphere, which is essential for democracy, and the role of the state in promoting freedom of expression in the online environment. The theoretical framework is based on Kaarlo Tuori's theory of the levels of law and the concept of democratic Rechtsstaat. Against this framework, Facebook/Meta is examined in a European context, which includes both the European Union and Council of Europe law. Most focus is put on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Through this framework, the role and position of the Oversight Board at the interface of human rights implementation and Meta's self-regulation will also be examined. Given the emphasis in the ECtHR's jurisprudence on the positive obligations imposed on the state, the article concludes that a more effective horizontal impact of fundamental and human rights is needed. This is supported by the conclusion that Facebook may not be considered as a well-suited public sphere for democracy. University of Lapland 2024-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/32 10.51421/njls-2024-0032 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024); 31-73 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nro 1 (2024); 31-73 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nr 1 (2024); 31-73 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2024-v3-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/32/37 Copyright (c) 2024 Matias Koivulehto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/34 2024-09-28T08:35:16Z journal:ART driver

Yrityssalaisuuden ja ammattitaidon rajanveto: Drawing the Line Between a Trade Secret and the Skill of an Employee Leskelä, Lauri Trade Secrecy Offences Trade Secret Skill and General Knowledge Economic Crime Law Chapter 30, Section 5 of the Finnish Criminal Code, prohibits, inter alia, an employee from unlawfully using or disclosing a trade secret to another person during the course of employment. The prohibition remains also in force for two years after the employment has ended. However, the use of one's professional skill is excluded from the prohibition. This article addresses the ambiguous distinction between a skill and a trade secret. Following a legislative change concerning non-compete agreements, the significance of the protection of trade secrets under criminal law has increased and the ambiguity identified in case law has become even more important to resolve. The Supreme Court of Finland has not issued a precedent concerning the matter. The article analyses Court of Appeal rulings with legal dogmatics in order to reduce the ambiguity surrounding the topic. Forty-three rulings from various Courts of Appeal have been reviewed as groundwork for the article. In addition, the aim is to use legal comparison to examine foreign jurisprudence surrounding the topic. The article critically examines a so-called primary rule of interpretation, according to which information exported in stored form is in principle a trade secret. This premise is outdated and problematic and should not be used as the core premise of the evaluation. Instead, the evaluation should focus on an objective analysis of the information itself. The primary starting point in drawing the line between a trade secret and skill should be the employee's experience and ability to independently produce the information claimed to be a trade secret. It would also be reasonable to make the confidentiality criterion for trade secrets stricter by requiring employers to place more emphasis on the confidentiality of the information. University of Lapland 2024-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/34 10.51421/njls-2024-0034 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024); 74-102 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nro 1 (2024); 74-102 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nr 1 (2024); 74-102 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2024-v3-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/34/34 Copyright (c) 2024 Lauri Leskelä https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/35 2024-09-28T08:35:16Z journal:OTH driver

Chefredaktørens forfatterkald: Special Call for Papers Sinisalo, Touko Johannes Special Call for Papers for Volume 4, Issue 1 (2025) of the Nordic Journal of Legal Studies University of Lapland 2024-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/scp1 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024); 7 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nro 1 (2024); 7 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nr 1 (2024); 7 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2024-v3-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/scp1/36 Copyright (c) 2024 T. J. Sinisalo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

oai:oai.njls:article/36 2024-09-28T08:35:16Z journal:OTH driver

Editorial Note Holden, Essi Editorial Note to Volume 3, Issue 1 (2025) of the Nordic Journal of Legal Studies University of Lapland 2024-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn3 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nro 1 (2024); 5-6 Nordic Journal of Legal Studies; Vol 3 Nr 1 (2024); 5-6 2953-8572 10.51421/njls-2024-v3-i1 eng https://njls.fi/journal/article/view/edn3/35 Copyright (c) 2024 Essi Holden https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0